Akkad Journal Of Contemporary Economic Studies

The general course of the Iraqi economy in light of its financial and monetary environment: An Analytical Study for the period 2000-2020

Hanan Abdu khidhr Hashim AL. Musawy, Malath Muthanna Musa — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

Iraq is witnessing a state of comprehensive economic transformation arising from the political change created by the war carried out by the United States of America in 2003, and that economic and political decision-makers in Iraq, in cooperation with regional and international organizations, are trying to draw the contours of the new trends of the destroyed Iraqi economy and transform it towards a market economy through a comprehensive program of economic change, and that the old policies and the successive wars and economic sanctions and the subsequent occupation and looting have led to attrition For most of the human and material economic resources. The unfavorable economic, political and security conditions that Iraq is going through have led to a number of problems in all aspects of its life. Which contributed to the reinforcement of every problem that surfaces in this economy

Reality and Future of Unconventional and Renewable Energy Sources in International Energy Markets

Ahmed Jassim alyasiri — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

The conventional energy sources deliver a great deal of safety in meeting international energy needs, but with natural depletion of reserves and increasing consumption on an ongoing basis as world population grows and many variables change, doubts are being raised about the adequacy of these sources to meet the world's energy needs at the time In addition, the world has begun to pay attention to the phenomenon of climate change, which is caused by the polluting emissions of the environment resulting from the end use of conventional energy sources, as well as the concern for the pollution of the environment in general, and in light of the depletion of resources less Energy sources and their effects on the environment necessitated the search for other sources of energy for the purpose of ensuring the supply and continuity of supplies. Consequently, renewable sources of energy have emerged as inexhaustible and widely available sources on the planet, and the energy generated by them is clean energy. In the extraction of oil and natural gas from unconventional sources and in the light of their large proven and technically recoverable reserves, these sources have been exported with renewable sources in the international energy supply mix to take an active role in the structure of the energy balance.

The Impact Of Multiple Economic Shocks On The Financial Performance Of Islamic Banks In Iraq

Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

The paper aims to explain the basic dimensions of the relationship between economic shocks in general and multiple economic shocks in particular in the financial performance of Islamic banks in the economic literature in light of the basic problems facing the work of Islamic banks. It also aims to focus on the nature, dimensions and mechanisms of the impact of multiple economic shocks on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Iraq. The research is based on the integrative deductive inductive approach, and uses the tools of descriptive and quantitative analysis through the analysis of specialized economic literature on the relationship between economic shocks in general and multiple economic shocks in particular in the financial performance of Islamic banks in the light of the available economic literature and in light of the basic problems facing The work of Islamic banks, and through the work of economic analysis tools in studying the nature, dimensions and mechanisms of the impact of multiple economic shocks on the financial performance of Islamic banks in a sample of selected countries with a focus on Iraq. The results show that the nature, dimensions and mechanisms of the impact of multiple economic shocks on the financial performance of Islamic banks in the sample countries vary according to the relative variation like their financial and banking system, and the relative importance of Islamic banks in the financial and banking systems of each country. The nature, dimensions and mechanisms of the impact of multiple economic shocks on the financial performance of Islamic banks in the sample countries were affected by the characteristics of the relationship of Islamic banks with central banks and the extent of the development of the requirements for facing economic shocks.

The Global Economic and Financial Reality Experiences During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Abdul Hussein Jalil Al-Ghalbi , Heba Saad Abdul-Jabbar — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

The sudden contraction in workers' income and corporate cash flows increased the risk of defaulting on mortgages and loans to consumers and businesses, raising concerns about the health of the financial system, and with the spread of the pandemic uncertainty rose and stock markets came under great pressure, central banks around the world reacted quickly and widely to the pandemic Together with financial authorities, monetary policy measures aim to stabilize financial markets the household and corporate sectors began to deteriorate, the overarching objective of central banks became to mitigate the contraction in real activity by ensuring that and prevent the pandemic from turning into a crisis When the liquidity situation in credit was provided to the private sector under attractive conditions, despite high credit risk[1]

The developmental role of national oil companies in Iraq and Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Study

Abdulwahab Mohammed Jawad Almusawi, Hadeel Riyadh Kareem Al-Baaj — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

The oil industry in Iraq and Saudi Arabia went through different eras, starting with the dominance of foreign companies over oil, passing through nationalization processes, and because of the decline in the oil industry in its technical and material capabilities, these countries worked to adopt several policies to support the role of these companies, and the aim of the research is to shed light on the importance National oil companies to be the ideal alternative to foreign companies, given their special importance in limiting the exploitation of other countries or multinational companies, as well as their role in determining the volume of oil revenues to contribute to the field of sustainable development.

Evaluation of the performance efficiency of the Iraqi company for the manufacture and marketing of dates in Baghdad

Abdulwahab Mohammed Jawad Almusawi, Ghufran Hussein Ali AL-hadrawi — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

Iraq is one of the regions distinguished by the cultivation and reproduction of date palms, due to the availability of basic natural conditions and the availability of large areas of good agricultural land and water. In general, and the province of Baghdad in particular, all the geographical components necessary for the development of the Iraqi company for the manufacture and marketing of dates. This research mainly aimed to study the performance efficiency standards of the Iraqi company for the manufacture and marketing of dates, based on the data available in the company (final accounts for the years of budgets) for the study years from 2010 to 2021, in order to identify the extent of the profitability of that company and the possibility of expanding its production and marketing capacities through a study The structure of the company's current revenues and costs and its ability to cope with the changes that occurred in both revenues and costs. It was noted from the results of the study of the company’s performance efficiency standards that the company’s profitability indicators fluctuated during the study period. The company achieved losses in the years 2017 and 2018, which indicates that the company was unable to achieve a return on the total funds invested in these two years. As for the rest of the study years, only profits were achieved. There is nothing wrong with it, and this indicates the efficiency of the company's performance. The most important recommendation of the research is the need for the state to activate the local product protection law by stopping random imports, in addition to improving the quality of local products in order to gain consumer satisfaction.

The Developmental Role Of Iraqi National Oil Companies

Ahmed Jassim Al-Yasiri, Thawra Bateef Jassim — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

The paper seeks to identify what climate change is, and what are its environmental and economic effects. And to demonstrate the importance of the role of climate action within the framework of the 2030 Development Agenda in building sustainable development by addressing and addressing climate change. Since the beginning of this century, the world has been facing the most complex problems and challenges. Climate change and the risks it leaves are among the most important challenges facing humanity and their planet because of the increase in extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves, droughts, floods, hurricanes and other phenomena. This requires working together immediately to address this crisis because of its effects. Negativity of global universality is not isolated from what this dangerous phenomenon produces. Aware of the need to guarantee the right of future generations, the governments of the countries of the world approved the sustainable development plan adopted by the United Nations in order to complete the task of eliminating the problems facing human beings and ensuring the continued vitality and activity of the planet and protecting those who will succeed them. The efforts made and the continuous work of the United Nations bodies culminated in the period between September 25, 2015. 2030 in the development of 17 goals, most of which represent the sustainable development agenda. The adoption of these goals represents a global call and a global project to action and coordination of efforts to eradicate hunger and poverty, achieve gender equality, ensure education for all, health and well-being, among other goals to be achieved during this period. Among these goals, which have captured the world's attention strongly in the past three decades, is Goal 13 (climate action), which is the most important global goal for sustainable development..