The impact of Kaldor Square components on exports in the US economy: an analytical study for the period 2003-2020

Abstract

Despite having different economic ideologies, all nations agree on a set of economic objectives that represent the external balance with the quality of the external and internal factors. These objectives can be reduced to four main ones known as the square as the magic role, and the axes that make up the square such as the role are the fundamental objectives of any economy since they have an impact on the factors related to economic stability. owing to the connection between the square's constituent parts, particularly the four functions of economic growth, inflation, unemployment, and external balance, and exports in the majority of nations, particularly America. The study is based on the hypothesis that the type and direction of the interaction between the square Kaldor's constituents and exports to America changed. It was discovered that there are various effects between the square Kaldor's constituents. The relationship between the components of the Caldor square and exports in America for the period (2003-2020) was tested using the (ARDL) model, and the results showed the weak impact of the Caldor square components in exports in America during the research period, indicating the limited impact of the Caldor square components in exports and the correlation