Analysis of the urban spatial organization of ancient city centers: A Case Study of Najaf Old City Center

الملخص

Commercial use is the core of services that meet all the needs of residential areas. The relationship between commercial use and other uses must be established and grown in a natural framework with the new stages of growth of the city. Cities today suffer from many problems as a result of rapid urban growth resulting from a growing population, high economic level, scientific and technological development, citizens' pursuit of commercial services, employment opportunities and business investment, which result in multiple and diverse uses within cities, inadequate planning for commercial use in the city's basic plan, as well as lack of control by the Municipal Directorate,  resulting in a change in the category of other uses in favour of commercial use. The fundamental problem of research is the randomness of city planning adversely affecting the phenomenon of spatial organization of urban city centres. The goal is to find planning and design solutions to upgrade and re-plan the centres in accordance with the principles of smart city planning. The research presupposes a basic premise on the development of commercial centers, which is that spatial organization in accordance with the principles of smart city achieves the upgrading of urban city centres.